Read more about the article Por que cresce o uso de moedas locais em pagamentos internacionais

Por que cresce o uso de moedas locais em pagamentos internacionais

Pares de países têm acordado liquidar transações comerciais e financeiras entre si em suas moedas locais, em geral mediante acordos bilaterais entre seus bancos centrais. A China tem sido capaz de usar sua moeda para liquidar metade de suas transações externas de comércio e investimento. O uso crescente de moedas locais em pagamentos externos será parte do que já chamamos aqui de “desdolarização devagar e limitada”. A “fragmentação” parcial do sistema global de pagamentos está em curso.

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Read more about the article Rising Use of Local Currencies in Cross-Border Payments

Rising Use of Local Currencies in Cross-Border Payments

Pairs of countries have agreed to settle commercial and financial transactions with each other in their local currencies, usually facilitated through bilateral agreements between their central banks. China has been able to use its currency to settle half of its foreign trade and investment transactions. The growing use of local currencies in external payments will be part of what we have already called a “slow and bounded de-dollarization”. A partial fragmentation of the global payments system is underway.

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Read more about the article Os custos das fraturas no comércio global

Os custos das fraturas no comércio global

A frequência e a abrangência de medidas comerciais e políticas industriais discriminando agentes externos, particularmente nas economias avançadas, aumentaram no passado recente. Tem-se assistido a uma variedade de políticas públicas nessa direção, como a imposição de tarifas, o endurecimento de regras para investimentos estrangeiros e a renegociação de acordos comerciais para incluir termos mais restritivos. Uma fragmentação geoeconômica global traria danos particularmente para economias emergentes e em desenvolvimento

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Read more about the article GVCs, Resilience, and Efficiency Considerations: Improving Trade and Industrial Policy Design and Coordination

GVCs, Resilience, and Efficiency Considerations: Improving Trade and Industrial Policy Design and Coordination

The COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have reignited the debate on efficiency versus resilience in international trade and global value chains (GVCs). This policy brief[ (i) explains the contrasting perspectives of the private sector (primarily seeking efficiency) and the public sector (aiming for resilience); (ii) demonstrates that GVCs are still flourishing, despite some mounting signals of a geo-fragmentation leading to a greater reallocation of the GVCs; and (iii) provides recommendations to help the G20 navigate the balancing act between efficiency and resilience considerations. Domestic policy design in the G20 countries and international coordination among these countries is essential.

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Read more about the article Para onde vão as taxas naturais de juros + Para onde vai a Selic

Para onde vão as taxas naturais de juros + Para onde vai a Selic

1. Quão durável será a mudança de regime macroeconômico nas economias mais ricas desde 2021? Passado o momento de aperto monetário e consequente estabilização inflacionária em patamares mais baixos, em dois anos ou mais voltarão as taxas de juros nas economias avançadas a níveis tão baixos quanto os das últimas décadas? Ou algo fundamental mudou, aumentando a frequência de choques de preços e a necessidade de juros mais altos? Para os economistas, essa pergunta equivale a: “para onde vão as taxas ‘naturais’ de juros?” 2. Caso se mantenham estáveis os parâmetros estruturais de demanda e oferta da economia brasileira, a Selic nominal deverá estar algo em torno de 7,5% ao ano em fins de 2025, ou seja, a soma da taxa real neutra de 4,5% e da meta de 3% de inflação.

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Read more about the article External Debt Management in Africa: A Proposal for a ‘Debt Relief for Climate Initiative’

External Debt Management in Africa: A Proposal for a ‘Debt Relief for Climate Initiative’

A decade of poor growth, increased poverty, and political instability followed the serious debt difficulties that emerged worldwide in the 1980s. There are concerns that the looming debt crisis could create similar challenges and result in even more severe consequences. However, the current economic climate differs in many ways from that of the 1980s, when international banks and Paris Club creditors held most of the external debt. Today, the profile of creditors is more diverse, and the mechanisms established by the G20 and multilateral development banks to address this new crisis are partly based on outdated approaches that are no longer effective in adapting to new realities. As a result, a more holistic and integrated approach is required to address the challenges of external debt faced by developing countries, particularly in Africa. Such an approach should take into account the issue of over-indebtedness while also addressing climate protection, the most pressing issue of the 21st century. A promising solution to tackling these challenges could be a new debt reduction initiative focused on climate action. This policy brief recommends a ‘Debt Relief for Climate Initiative’ that will link debt reduction with investments in climate adaptation and mitigation projects.

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Read more about the article An “unthinkable” U.S. public debt default

An “unthinkable” U.S. public debt default

The nominal debt ceiling is a crude and rudimentary barrier against excess public debt in the United States. Hope remains that the White House and Republicans will reach a deal on raising the debt ceiling in time to avoid what Secretary Yellen called "unthinkable" and "catastrophic". Some framework to deal with fiscal matters is needed, instead of nominal spending caps. But this transition need not happen via financial shocks and a possible default on public debt.

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Read more about the article A possibilidade de calote na dívida pública dos Estados Unidos + E se não houver acordo nos EUA sobre a dívida pública?

A possibilidade de calote na dívida pública dos Estados Unidos + E se não houver acordo nos EUA sobre a dívida pública?

Tem-se, no momento, uma repetição de momentos passados de tensão por causa de um aparente impasse na decisão congressual sobre adiar ou aliviar a restrição do teto nominal de divida publica nos EUA. Permanece a esperança de que a Casa Branca e os republicanos alcancem um acordo a tempo de evitar o que Yellen chamou de “impensável” e “catastrófico” - inclusive uma inadimplência no serviço da dívida. Um “inimaginável” calote na dívida pública do país teria consequências nefastas, escreve Otaviano Canuto

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Read more about the article Unpacking the Relationship between Crude Oil Financialization and Volatility: The Tale of Speculative Positions

Unpacking the Relationship between Crude Oil Financialization and Volatility: The Tale of Speculative Positions

This paper explores the impact of commodities financialization on crude oil prices and their volatility. While some commodities have been market movers for centuries, introducing others, such as oil, to the financial markets is more recent. The increase in investors' appetite for commodity investing has led to commodities’ financialization, which is often considered an amplifier of commodity price volatility. This paper focuses on the relationship between crude oil prices and the financialization argument through the commitment of traders undertaking long and short positions on the WTI crude oil to study their impact on spot prices and, thus, on crude oil's volatility. It reviews recent swings in oil prices and the correlation between prices of crude oil and speculative positions in financial markets. It also focuses on the relationship between crude oil prices, speculative positions, and volatility represented by the CBOE Crude Oil Volatility ETF through econometric models. The aim is to bring additional information to the literature on whether commodities financialization, specifically the presence of hedgers on crude oil markets, are linked to the volatility in energy markets. We rely on tools such as correlation levels, the Granger Causality test, Vector Autoregression, and Fully Modified Least Square models to study if additional speculative activity in the Crude Oil market is responsible for adding pressure to oil prices on financial markets. We then conclude with the direction of the link between prices and speculative positions, if investors are shaping the market prices and contributing to higher volatility.

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Read more about the article The U.S. Dollar’s “Exorbitant Privilege” Remains

The U.S. Dollar’s “Exorbitant Privilege” Remains

• Notwithstanding the ongoing drive by countries for a higher plurality of main currencies, raising the use of the renminbi, “de-dollarization” looks bound to be partial and limited. • Higher speed and depth of such a transformation would require a metamorphosis of China’s regulatory and policy regime for which the country will not have the desire to implement. • While the euro has remained mostly a regional reserve currency, the U.S. may retain its “exorbitant privilege” through the provision of U.S. dollar safe assets for longer.

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Read more about the article Por que haverá uma desdolarização devagar e limitada

Por que haverá uma desdolarização devagar e limitada

Tem havido uma redução no grau de "dominância" do dólar, com uma queda se sua parcela nas reservas dos bancos centrais desde a virada do século, de 71% em 1999 para 58,4% ao final de 2022. Contudo, fatores gravitacionais favorecem a continuidade da posição central do dólar em mercados financeiros internacionais, nas faturas e pagamentos comerciais, assim como em reservas cambiais públicas e privadas

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Read more about the article The global economy faces a lost decade

The global economy faces a lost decade

The economic factors that have propelled global prosperity over the past three decades are losing their grip. The aging and slow growth of the global workforce are highlighted as downward factors, explaining half of the expected slowdown in potential GDP growth through 2030. What should countries do in the face of this prospect of a “lost decade”?

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